Jeudi 3 novembre 2011 4 03 /11 /Nov /2011 11:48
Sante. 1995 Nov-Dec;5(6):335-40.

[No solution for neonatal mortality in sub-saharan Africa? Evaluation and perspectives in the urban environment of Niamey, Niger].

[Article in French]

link

Source

Mission de Coopération française, ministere de la Santé Publique, direction de la Santé Familiale, Niamey, Niger.

Abstract

Niger has one of the highest mortality rates of infants (222/1000) and children under five years old (318/1000), with 15% of them suffering from malnutrition. Yet, neonatal mortality was not considered as the top priority of public health in Niger, where 85 to 90% of the deliveries succeed without any medical care and 70% of the population live more than 10 kilometers from the nearest medical center. Also, in the African countries which have adopted expensive neonatal care centers following the occidental model, the lethality rate is high and maintenance is difficult. Thus, alternative strategies should be considered to reduce the neonatal mortality, according to the local possibilities. This was carried out in Niamey, the capital of Niger. A retrospective study of the activities in the pediatric and obstetric wards was carried out from 1985 to 1992. This was associated with a descriptive prospective survey of a sample of 149 pregnant women followed from the first prenatal consultation to the end of the neonatal period. Results showed that possibilities exist in Niamey to reduce neonatal mortality. The concentration of medical personnel was high compared to the rest of the country, and the health infrastructure was diversified. However, the knowledge of neonatal care was lacking. Use of prenatal care was high and deliveries at home without medical assistance concerned only 14.3% of the total births. Mortality observed in the obstetrical ward (6.7/1000) corresponded to less than a quarter of the estimated neonatal mortality (28.6/1000). Neonatal mortality in the pediatric ward was high (43.8%), predominantly on the first day of admittance (45% of the deaths), especially for the low birth weights (under 2,500 g) (62.4%). These figures underline the necessity to improve the care of the newborns and to link prenatal prevention, obstetrical care and pediatrics. The prospective survey showed that although the ratio of prenatal visits per woman was high (3.8), the quality of the care was inadequate. Correct newborn care was rare and no examination could detect or prevent complications during the short stay of less than 24 hours in the obstetrical ward. To lower the neonatal mortality, service could be improved concerning the material conditions of prenatal consultations, reorientation of prenatal consultations towards detection, correct treatment of the risk factors of neonatal mortality, obstetrical screening and care, and training of the midwives. The adoption of inexpensive measures was suggested, including the training of pediatric nurses in each maternity ward, screening and treatment of newborns at risk in small units integrated within the obstetrical ward, and the requirement of a consultation before the traditional feast of giving names, which occurs on the seventh day of life in Niger. These measures were considered as priorities before considering construction of expensive neonatal centers and assume the participation of the public health personnel and policy makers. Some of these suggestions are now being implemented.

PMID:
8784534
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Free full text
www.jle.com/fr/revues/sante_pub/san/e-docs/00/04/1E/EB/resume.phtml

 

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La mortalité néonatale sans solution en Afrique sahélienne ? Bilan et perspectives en milieu urbain à Niamey, Niger


Cahiers d'études et de recherches francophones / Santé . Volume 5, Numéro 6, 335-40, Novembre-Décembre 1995, Synthèse

Article gratuit   Summary  

Auteur(s) : Hubert Barennes, Fati Moustapha Tahi

Résumé : Avec une mortalité infanto-juvénile de 318‰ naissances vivantes, une mortalité infantile de 222‰ et 15% des enfants de moins de 5 ans atteints de malnutrition grave, la mortalité néonatale n’est peut-être pas la première priorité de santé publique du Niger où 85 à 90% des accouchements se font sans assistance médicalisée et où 70% de la population réside à plus de 10 kilomètres d’un centre de santé. En outre, la forte létalité des services de néonatalogie (selon le modèle occidental) et leurs difficultés de fonctionnement en Afrique incitent à rechercher des solutions réalistes au problème de la mortalité néonatale. Cette recherche a été réalisée à Niamey, la capitale du Niger. L’analyse rétrospective des registres des maternités et des services de pédiatrie, de 1985 à 1992, a été couplée à une étude descriptive prospective d’un échantillon de 149 femmes enceintes suivies depuis les consultations prénatales jusqu’en fin de période néonatale. L’étude montre que Niamey dispose d’arguments positifs pour abaisser la mortalité néonatale. La concentration en personnel médical est élevée par rapport au reste du pays, les infrastructures de santé sont diversifiées. La mortalité des nouveau-nés (6,7‰) enregistrée pendant leur court séjour en maternité (24 heures) ne représente qu’un quart de la mortalité néonatale estimée à Niamey à 28,6‰. La létalité est élevée dans les deux services de pédiatrie (43,8%), prédomine le premier jour (45% des décès) et frappe surtout les enfants de poids inférieur à 2 500 grammes (62,4%). Ces chiffres soulignent la nécessité d’améliorer en amont la prise en charge des nouveau-nés et de coupler prévention prénatale, prise en charge obstétricale et pédiatrique. Le suivi des femmes enceintes met en évidence que l’amélioration des prestations actuelles pourrait abaisser la mortalité néonatale : ceci concerne les conditions matérielles des consultations prénatales, la réorientation des consultations prénatales vers le dépistage et un traitement correct des facteurs de risque de mortalité néonatale, la surveillance et la prise en charge obstétricale, la formation des sages-femmes des maternités. L’adoption de mesures officielles peu coûteuses est suggérée : formation d’infirmières puéricultrices dans chaque maternité et surveillance des enfants à risque dans de petites unités insérées dans les maternités, adoption d’une consultation obligatoire de l’enfant avant la cérémonie traditionnelle d’attribution du nom au 7e jour. Ces mesures sont considérées comme prioritaires avant d’envisager l’amélioration des soins hospitaliers néonatals et supposent la participation du personnel de santé et l’engagement des décideurs. Certaines de ces propositions sont actuellement en cours de réalisation.

Par hubert barennes
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Jeudi 3 novembre 2011 4 03 /11 /Nov /2011 11:47

$(function() { $.fn.media.defaults.flvPlayer = '/swf/mediaplayer.swf'; //$.fn.media.mapFormat('flv','quicktime'); // this one liner handles all the examples on this page //MM: la propriété srcpath est un ajout qui permet d'aller pointer sur la racine du réperoire du e-doc ou les flv sont stockés $('.contenuVideo').media({ width: 400, height: 300, autoplay: 1, srcpath:'/e-docs/00/04/1D/CB/' }); });

Sante. 1996 Jul-Aug;6(4):220-8.

[Should ambulatory nutritional recovery centers in Niamey (Niger) be closed? Analysis of the situation, proposals and evaluation of an intervention].

[Article in French]
link to free full text link

Abstract

In Niger, malnutrition underlies the high child mortality (319/1,000). The prevalence of acute malnutrition (weight/height below minus 2 z score) is more than 16% in the 0 to 5 year old range. The situation in the urban areas in slightly better than average (child mortality of 210.3/1,000). Thus the situation is very serious. The efficacy of intensive nutritional rehabilitation centers and ambulatory nutritional rehabilitation centers is controversial. The practices and knowledge of the staff of the ambulatory centers in Niamey was studied by weekly session meetings. The shortcomings could be explained by the absence of individual care, the additional work for the mothers, the mothers' illiteracy, the costs, the domestic problems and problems of cultural support, passivity of screening for malnutrition associated with the very low and irregular nutritional value of the meals supplied to the children. However, these centers exist, and they have staffs. The sessions were therefore used to develop and implement alternative strategies, and the role of the ambulatory units was discussed. The program was evaluated according to mothers' compliance, children's nutritional status, length of stay, rate of transfer to the hospital scored by retrospective analysis of the data for 397 children followed between July and October for each 1993, 1994 and 1995. The nutritional status on admission was similar for each of the three years (weight/height - 2.6 z score). The number of children with weight gain increased from 35 to 127 (P < 0.005). The rate of loss to follow-up decreased from 67% to 32% (P < 0.005). In 1993 the mothers were expected to attend daily. In 1995, after 5 to 10 days of training, follow-up was once weekly. The length of care decreased from 64.3 to 46.9 days for a similar weight gain (3.5 g/kg/day). Transfer to the hospital decreased from 10.7% in 1993 to 5.7% in 1995 (P < 0.0001), whereas this score remained high in the Niamey health centers without and ambulatory unit (24.7 in 1995). Thus the efficacy of these units can be improved although long-term outcome has yet to be demonstrated. It is also necessary to improve screening of malnourished children attending daily out-patients clinics.

 

 

 

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Faut-il fermer les centres de récupération nutritionnelle ambulatoire à Niamey (Niger) ? Analyse de situation, propositions et évaluation d’une intervention


Cahiers d'études et de recherches francophones / Santé . Volume 6, Numéro 4, 220-8, Juillet-Août 1996, Étude originale


Résumé   Summary  

 

link to free full textlink


Auteur(s) : Hubert Barennes, Pédiatre, BP 792, Niamey, Niger..

Résumé : Avec un taux de malnutrition aiguë de plus de 16% chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans (indice poids/taille inférieur à - 2 écarts-types), le Niger connaît une mortalité infante-juvénile particulièrement élevée (319 ‰). La situation en milieu urbain (210,3 ‰) n’est guère plus favorable qu’en milieu rural. Ces taux de malnutrition sont considérés comme significatifs d’une situation très sévère. L’efficacité des centres de récupération nutritionnelle intensive et des centres ambulatoires est controversée. Les pratiques et les connaissances des responsables des centres ambulatoires de récupération nutritionnelle ainsi que la prise en charge des enfants souffrant de malnutrition ont été étudiées à Niamey en 1994, dans le cadre d’ateliers hebdomadaires réalisés avec les responsables. L’absence de prise en charge individuelle adaptée, le surcroît de travail que cela entraîne pour les mères, l’analphabétisme des mères, le coût, la méconnaissance des problèmes familiaux et des supports culturels ainsi que l’inertie du dépistage sont quelques-unes des raisons, associées à une absence de valeur des solutions nutritives proposées, de cette situation. Malgré tout, ces centres existent et le personnel est présent. Des stratégies de remplacement ont été proposées. Le rôle et le fonctionnement des centres ont été redéfinis. L’évaluation de ces mesures a été menée à partir de 397 dossiers d’enfants souffrant de malnutrition suivis de juillet 1993 à octobre 1995. L’état nutritionnel à l’admission est similaire pour les trois années (indice poids/taille inférieur à -2,6 écarts-types). Le nombre d’enfants suivis qui présentent une prise de poids passe de 35 en 1993 à 127 en 1995 (p <\; 0,005). Le taux d’abandon diminue de 67 à 32,1 % (p <\; 0,005). Le suivi est passé d’une astreinte quotidienne à une surveillance hebdomadaire après quelques matinées au centre et sa durée s’abaisse de 64,3 jours en 1993 à 46,9 jours en 1995 pour un gain de poids comparable (respectivement 3,5 et 3,1 g/kg/j). Les transferts d’enfants pour malnutrition vers l’hôpital diminuent de 96 (10.7%) à 54 (5,7%) (p <\; 0,0001) tandis que ce taux demeure élevé pour les dispensaires de Niamey ne disposant pas de CRENA (24,7% en 1995). L’évaluation souligne l’intérêt des mesures simples mises en place et confirme la nécessité d’orienter les efforts vers le dépistage précoce des enfants souffrant de malnutrition parmi les consultants des centres de santé maternelle et infantile. Le suivi à domicile des enfants perdus de vus ou avec stagnation pondérale demeure encore peu important. L’organisation du suivi à long terme des enfants souffrant de malnutrition doit être poursuivie.

Publié dans : Nutrition - Par hubert barennes
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Mercredi 2 novembre 2011 3 02 /11 /Nov /2011 08:56
Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Jul;13(7):1126-8.

Avian influenza risk perceptions, Laos.

full text: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2878220/?tool=pubmed
After the 2004 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), the Ministry of Health implemented extensive virologic surveillance (1,2). Surveillance began in July 2005, and by early 2006, only sporadic cases were found. In July 2006, an outbreak of HPAI was confirmed on 2 chicken farms in Vientiane, the capital city of Lao PDR (1,3). Most of Laos’ ≈20 million chickens are kept on family-owned backyard farms; 3.2 million are on commercial farms (4). This production meets 80% of Lao poultry (chicken, duck, goose, quail) needs; imports from neighboring countries, either through legal trade or cross-border smuggling, account for the rest (3). Common poultry diseases occur frequently during the cold season, and lack of reporting of poultry deaths is of concern (4).
Until February 2007, no human cases of influenza A (H5N1) had been reported in Lao PDR. To learn more about Laotians’ knowledge of HPAI and perceptions of their risk, we conducted a cross-sectional survey.
In March–April 2006, participants in 3 settings (Vientiane, urban; Oudomxay, semiurban; Attapeu Province and Hinheub District, both rural) were interviewed in the Lao language by means of a standardized 33-question survey. We recorded information about behavior, poultry handling and keeping practices, and poultry deaths. We used multivariate analysis (Stata, version 8; Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) to analyze the factors associated with behavior changes.
Using a random sampling list of visitors and vendors, we interviewed 461 respondents in 4 Vientiane city markets (Vientiane has 114,793 households and 3,700 registered poultry farms) (5). Semiurban respondents were recruited in Oudomxay (40,987 households, 715 poultry farms), an active trading zone near the Chinese border. Rural respondents were recruited from Hinheup District and in Attapeu (19,050 households, 360 poultry farms), near the Vietnam border. Twenty villages were randomly selected, and 10 participants per village were randomly selected for interview. Approval for the investigation was obtained from the health and market authorities. Oral consent for interview was obtained from participants.
A total of 842 participants were interviewed (Table). Differences in occupation and literacy were associated with different study areas. Differences in participant sex and age were also noted because, in the rural areas, interviews took place in the home. A total of 583 (69.3%) participants were female: 302 (65.5%), 139 (68.2%), and 150 (79.3%), in urban, semiurban, and rural areas, respectively; p = 0.002, 95% confidence interval 66–72. Mean ages for participants in these areas were 41 (range 40–43), 34 (range 32–36), and 38 (range 37–41) years, respectively; p<0.001. Animal breeding was conducted by 50% of families. Daily close exposure to poultry was common (39.6%). Few families owned a henhouse, and no special handling of poultry was reported. Rates of poultry vaccination against common poultry diseases were higher in urban and semiurban areas; veterinary surveillance was low (10.2%)....
Publié dans : avian flue - Par hubert barennes
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Mercredi 2 novembre 2011 3 02 /11 /Nov /2011 08:47
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2009 Aug;23(8):669-77.

Survival and quality of life among HIV-positive people on antiretroviral therapy in Cambodia.

Source

Family Health International, Lumpini, Bangkok, Thailand. gmorineau@fhibkk.org

Abstract

In 2004, Cambodia, a low-income country, undertook a rapid scale-up of free antiretroviral therapy (ART) through the public sector in order to respond to the need for treatment for those living with HIV/AIDS. A cohort of patients initiating ART in a provincial national hospital was set up at the beginning of the program to monitor the impact of treatment on patients. Patients provided information on behaviors through face-to-face interviews. Medical data were obtained from clinical files. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 21-Items Short Form (MOS SF-21). Patients were interviewed when initiating ART and followed up at 3 months, 6 months, and each consecutive 6 months thereafter. From March 2005 through January 2008, the cohort included 549 patients followed for a total of 645 person-years. The 4.0% of patients lost to follow-up were considered dead in the analysis. Incidence of mortality was 9.1 per 100 person-years, which is comparable to international standards. HRQOL subscale scores increased dramatically in the first year after initiating ART. The mean of overall HRQOL score rose from 63.0 at baseline to 81.1 at 1 year and 89.9 at 30 months of follow-up (chi(2) for trends p < 0.001). Simultaneously, the proportion of patients with full-time employment increased from 48.8% to 95.7%.We conclude that the rapid scaling-up of ART delivery in a resource poor Asian setting dramatically improved the survival and well-being of its beneficiaries, who in turn resumed productive lives within their communities.

Publié dans : HIV - Par hubert barennes
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Mercredi 2 novembre 2011 3 02 /11 /Nov /2011 08:42

 

BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Jun 17;9:96.

Risk of latent tuberculosis infection in children living in households with tuberculosis patients: a cross sectional survey in remote northern Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Source

Institut de Francophonie pour Médecine Tropicale, Vientiane, Lao PDR. nhaituan@yahoo.com

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Tuberculosis is highly prevalent in Laos (289 per 100,000). We evaluated the risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among children (0-15 years) living with tuberculosis patients in rural northern Laos.

METHODS:

In a cross sectional survey of 30 randomly selected villages, 72 tuberculosis patients were traced and their 317 contacts (148 were children) investigated using a questionnaire, a tuberculin skin tests (positive: > = 10 mm), a 3-day sputum examination for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and chest radiography.

RESULTS:

None of the 148 contact-children received prophylaxis, one had cervical tuberculosis; the risk for LTBI was 31.0%. Awareness of the infectiousness of tuberculosis was low among patients (31%) and their contacts (31%), and risky behavior was common. After multivariate logistic analysis, increased LTBI was found in children with contact with sputum positive adults (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.4-7.7), patients highly positive sputum prior to treatment (AFB >2+; OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.7-12.3), and living in ethnic minorities (OR: 5.4, 95% CI: 2.2-13.6).

CONCLUSION:

The study supports the importance of contact tracing in remote settings with high TB prevalence. Suggestions to improve the children's detection rate, the use of existing guidelines, chemoprophylaxis of contact-children and the available interventions in Laos are discussed. Improving education and awareness of the infectiousness of TB in patients is urgently needed to reduce TB transmission.

PMID:
19534769
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PMCID: PMC2707378
Free PMC Article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/9/96link
Publié dans : Laos Tuberculosis - Par hubert barennes
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Mercredi 2 novembre 2011 3 02 /11 /Nov /2011 08:22

H Barennes

Pediatrics, eletter 22 Fev 2011

 

Early solid food introduction related to early risk of stunting in breastfed children
Lao PDR
Susanna Y. Huh, and colleagues raise an important concern regarding the
association of early introduction of solid foods and obesity among formula-fed
infants or infants weaned before the age of 4 months.(1)
Interestingly, this association was not observed in breastfed infants which would
constitute another important argument to promote breastfeeding in western
countries.
As a paediatrician, long working in developing countries (more than 20 years), we
share a similar concern with a different issue. The protection of this unique and
vital life saving intervention is crucial for us.(2) We, (foreign and Lao
pediatricians), have continously to struggle hard against any deceptive attempts
to decrease breastfeeding rate in traditional high breastfeeding countries such as
Laos.(3;4)
In Laos, 95% of mothers breastfeed their new-borns but the rate of exclusive
breastfeeding is only 26.4%.(5) The advertising of breast milk substitute is
subtle, attractive and highly convincing, though thoroughly misleading.(3) A new
challenge is the increased marketing of formula milk company and the limited
budget to develop breastfeeding campaign with similar budget in similar country
as Laos.
An UNICEF official recently stated that “The advertising of formula is having a
huge impact in South-east Asia, because it is a growing market for the
companies.(6)”
In Lao PDR early solid food introduction is common.(7) Glutinous rice is a
frequent first food supplement and is given pre-chewed by mothers to 20–48% of
infants in the first week of life. (7)
In 2005 we enrolled 300 pairs of infants (under 6 months of age) and their
mothers during a cross-sectional survey conducted in 41 randomly selected
villages on the outskirts of Vientiane capital city, Lao PDR.(5) Children were
follow-up until the age of 4 years.
All mothers breastfed their infants. Before being breastfed, 81 (27%) children
received either water or formula milk. Colostrum was given by 276 (92.5%)
mothers but mean time to first breastfeeding was given at 14.6 (11.2–18.0) h. A
total of 161 (53.7%) infants received an early food supplement in the form of
chewed glutinous rice (77,25.6%), formula milk (66, 22%) or rice soup with
carrots (16, 5.3%). Chewed glutinous rice was given to infants as an early (mean
34.6, 95% CI:29.3–39.8 days) complementary food by 53.7% of mothers.(5)
Thirty infants (10%) had severe stunting and 9 (3%) had acute malnutrition at
six months.
Stunting at six months was associated with early rice supplementation (OR¼1.35,
95% CI: 1.04–1.75). No obesity was observed so far at the age of 4 years in this
breastfed cohort of children.
Improving exclusive breastfeeding remains an important challenge for children in
developing countries.
Reference
1 Huh SY, Rifas-Shiman SL, Taveras EM, Oken E, Gillman MW. Timing of Solid
Food Introduction and Risk of Obesity in Preschool-Aged Children 1. Pediatrics
2011.
2 UNICEF. Exclusive breastfeeding. http://www unicef
org/progressforchildren/2006n4/index_breastfeeding html [ 2010 [cited 2010
Oct. 10];
3 Barennes H, Andriatahina T, Latthaphasavang V, Anderson M, Srour L.
Misperceptions and misuse of Bear Brand coffee creamer as infant food: national
cross sectional survey of consumers and paediatricians in Laos. BMJ 2008;
(337):a1379.
4 Slesak G, Douangdala P, Inthalad S, Onekeo B, Somsavad S, Sisouphanh B et
al. Misuse of coffee creamer as a breast milk substitute: a lethal case revealing
high use in an ethnic minority village in Northern Laos. http://www bmj com/cgi/
eletters/337/sep09_2/a1379#207174 [ 2009
5 Barennes H, Simmala C, Odermatt P, Thaybouavone T, Vallee J, Martinez-Ussel
B et al. Postpartum traditions and nutrition practices among urban Lao women
and their infants in Vientiane, Lao PDR. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 63(3):323-331.
6 Marwaan Macan-Marker. Children Under Five Straggling. Global Geopolitics
Globalnewsblog.com; Inter Press Service. http://globalnewsblog
com/wp/2008/09/13/asia-pacific-mdgs-children-under- five-straggling/ [ 2008
Available from: URL:Global Geopolitics Globalnewsblog.com
7 Kaufmann S, Marchesich R, Dop MC. Fao Nutrition Country Laos . Fao nutrition
country profiles, editor. 1-38. 2003. Rome Italy.
Conflict of Interest:
None declaredlink

Publié dans : Laos nutrition - Par hubert barennes
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Mercredi 2 novembre 2011 3 02 /11 /Nov /2011 08:14

Auteurs : Slesak G, Slesak RM, Inthalad S, Somsavad S, Sisouphanh B, Kim JH, Gögelein P, Dietz K, Barennes H.

Revue / Titre du Journal / Source

Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2011 Mar ;18(1):37-43.

 

Abstract
We investigate the efficacy of a multisectoral road safety campaign
initiated at Luang Namtha Provincial Hospital (LNPH), North-Laos.
Road safety days (RSD) with helmet promotion were organised prior
to the Lao and International New Year 2007. Motorbike helmet
protectiveness was demonstrated by dropping peeled versus
unpeeled coconuts from 6-m high sticks simulating city speed-limit
(40 km/h). The primary outcome was the number of road traffic
injuries (RTI) needing admission (severe RTI) before and after the
first RSD. Secondary outcomes were helmet usage, total RTI,
hospital staff's behavioural changes and law enforcement.
Neighbouring Bokeo Provincial Hospital (BPH) had no intervention.
Severe RTI dropped by 34.7% within 12 months (from 449 to 293,
p ≤ 0.0001, BPH +123% [from 88 to 196]). Total RTI increased by
10.8% (from 772 to 855, p = 0.0396, BPH +260.8% [from 186 to
671]). Police started the law enforcement right after the RSD.
Helmet use increased from 11.2 to 42.5% (p < 0.0001). Coconut
test was the main reason for safer behaviour among RSD
participants seven months later (16/32). The intervention effectively
prevented severe RTI. The speed-adapted coconut drop test was a
simple, convincing and efficient educational tool, easily adaptable to
other settings.

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Mercredi 2 novembre 2011 3 02 /11 /Nov /2011 07:59

Breast feeding in Laos and substitution of advertised products

Auteurs : H.Barennes, LM Srour

Revue / Titre du Journal / Source

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health

J Paediatr Child Health. 2009 Sep;45(9):487-92. Epub 2009 Aug 21.

Response to this paper

 

Factors influencing breastfeeding in children less than 2 years of age in Lao PDR.

Source

Department of Health Policy and Planning, University of Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract

AIM:

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of, and factors influencing, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months and continued breastfeeding (CBF) at 2 years.

METHODS:

Between January and February 2007, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire in 40 villages in the Vientiane capital and the Vientiane province of Lao PDR. A total of 400 mothers with children less than 2 years old were recruited by multistage random sampling. Based on the 1991 World Health Organization Breastfeeding Indicators, children were classified into three groups, 6-23-month-old children for assessing EBF at 6 months, 12-15-month-old children for CBF at 1 year and 20-23-month-old children for CBF at 2 years.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of EBF at 6 months and CBF at 2 years were 19.4% (n= 283) and 18.6% (n= 43), respectively. Some of the factors influencing EBF at 6 months in a univariate logistic regression model included: location of residence, (OR: 19.19, 95% CI 6.96-57.01), ethnicity (OR: 3.15, 95% CI 1.63-6.08), encouragement of the child's father (OR: 9.03, 95%CI 1.21-67.57) and inter-spousal communication (OR: 5.20, 95% CI 2.34-11.56). A majority of the mothers (75.0%) had watched television advertisements for infant formula from Thailand, and 48.4% reported that they wanted to buy formula milk after having watched them.

CONCLUSION:

This study showed a low prevalence of EBF at 6 months in the studied area in Lao PDR. Some of the factors that had a strong impact on EBF at 6 months included: location of residence, ethnicity, father's involvement, early breastfeeding plan, Mother's Card in antenatal care and television advertisement. There may be opportunities for government to review a range of policies relating to paternal involvement, antenatal care and formula advertising that could help to improve EBF rate.

Publié dans : Laos nutrition - Par hubert barennes
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Mercredi 2 novembre 2011 3 02 /11 /Nov /2011 07:53
Med Mal Infect. 2011 Apr;41(4):186-91. Epub 2010 Dec 30.

[Bacterial flora in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Kunming, China].

[Article in French]

Source

Institut de la francophonie pour la médecine tropicale, BP 9519, Vientiane, République démocratique populaire Laos.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Chinese recommendations for the management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) include antibiotic treatments targeting the most frequently isolated pathogens according to the severity of COPD. The study objective was to check the relevance of these recommendations in Yunnan, a Southern Chinese province.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A descriptive and analytical survey was conducted in the Kunming Medical University hospital among patients over 60 years of age, hospitalized with AECOPD, between March 2007 and June 2008.

RESULTS:

The 74 included patients were predominantly male (90%), with a mean age of 78.6 years, active or ex-smokers (81%), mainly with moderate (43%) or severe COPD (34%). Out of 87 AECOPD episodes, 47 (54%) yielded significant quantitative sputum cultures for S. pneumoniae (10%), P. aeruginosa (10%), H. influenzae (7%), M. catarrhalis (7%), and K. pneumoniae (7%). The positivity of sputum cultures was significantly linked with a history of smoking (P=0.002). More than half of the P. aeruginosa isolates were multidrug resistant.

CONCLUSIONS:

The distribution of pathogens isolated from EABPCO in Kunming corroborates published results. It does not question Chinese recommendations for first-line antibiotic therapy, but the high prevalence of P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae requires a periodic screening for acquired antibiotic resistance.

Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

 

 

Médecine et maladies infectieuses, 2010.11.009
Flore bactérienne des exacerbations aiguës de bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive
(BPCO) à Kunming, Chine
Bacterial flora in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in
Kunming, China
X. Yang a, b, M. Strobel a, L. Tian c, H. Barennes a, Y. Buisson a,
a Institut de la francophonie pour la médecine tropicale, BP 9519, Vientiane, République
démocratique populaire Lao
b Université médicale de Kunming, Yunnan, Chine
c Service de gériatrie, hôpital de référence no 1, université médicale de Kunming, Yunnan, Chine
Résumé
Objectifs. Les recommandations chinoises pour la prise en charge thérapeutique des exacerbations
aiguës de bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (EABPCO) comportent une antibiothérapie
adaptée aux espèces bactériennes réputées les plus fréquentes selon le degré de gravité de la BPCO.
Une étude a été menée dans la province du Yunnan pour vérifier l’adéquation de ces
recommandations.
Patients et méthodes. Étude descriptive et analytique réalisée à l’hôpital universitaire de Kunming,
incluant les patients de plus de 60 ans non ventilés et hospitalisés pour EABPCO entre mars 2007 et
juin 2008.
Résultats. Les 74 patients inclus étaient surtout des hommes (90%), âgés en moyenne de 78,6 ans,
en majorité tabagiques (81%) présentant le plus souvent une BPCO modérée (43 %) ou sévère (34
%). Sur les 87 épisodes d’exacerbation, la bactériologie quantitative des crachats était significative
47 fois (54%) pour S. pneumoniae (10%), P. aeruginosa (10%), H. influenzae (7%), M. catarrhalis
(7%) et K. pneumoniae (7%). La positivité des cultures était liée aux antécédents de tabagisme (p
=0,002). Plus de la moitié des isolats de P. aeruginosa étaient multirésistants.
Conclusions. La flore bactérienne isolée au cours des EABPCO dans le Yunnan est comparable à
celles décrites dans la littérature. Elle ne remet pas en cause les recommandations chinoises pour
l’antibiothérapie de première intention mais la prévalence élevée de P. aeruginosa et
d’entérobactéries rend nécessaire la pratique régulière d’un dépistage des résistances acquises.
Mots clés : BPCO, Expectoration, Bactériologie quantitative, Chine

Par hubert barennes
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Mercredi 2 novembre 2011 3 02 /11 /Nov /2011 04:48

Journal of MEDICAL ETHICS

http://jme.bmj.com/content/36/2/116/reply#medethics_el_3566

 

Lack of alternative to rectal artesunate for pre-referral treatment of malaria ? Rectal quinine as an available and effective health tool

In developing countries, most cases of malaria occur in rural areas far from hospitals, where health care providers cannot adequately manage severe malaria cases. Hospital referral causes treatment delays. Most deaths occur during the first 24 hours, highlighting the need for earlier actions to reduce mortality. Gomes and colleagues reported recently the benefits of pre-referral rectal artesunate.(1) A single pre-referral artesunate suppository reduced the risk of death or permanent disability in patients reaching a clinic with facilities for injection, if the travel time was more than 6 to 15 hours. Gomes et al. argued that the only way to give effective antimalarial treatment to patients in the community who cannot be treated orally is to take them to a health-care facility for injectable treatment. More recently, Kitua et al. claimed that artesunate suppository is the sole treatment that can be given by minimally trained persons in remote setting.(2) For many years, others and we demonstrated that rectal quinine would allow early treatment initiation with a potent, widely available antimalarial drug. In 2005, a Cochrane review raised three questions.(3) The first question was the limited sample size. Since then, efficacy was confirmed in 4348 children at the community level in Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Uganda.(4-8) Second, safety was questioned. A large control trial in Burkina Faso including 898 children demonstrated that rectal quinine administration was safe and well accepted by patients, parents and care-takers.(9-10) The third question regards the use of rectal quinine in severe malaria: Two clinical trials in Uganda and Niger demonstrated that rectal quinine was as effective as intravenous in severe malaria.(4-5) The demonstration of rectal artesunate efficacy is an important advance in the strategy for severe malaria treatment. Awaiting the widespread distribution of artesunate rectocaps at rural health facilities, rectal quinine remains a precious public health tool in the pre-referral arsenal that should be an alternative when artesunate is not available,(11) especially for African children treatment.

Hubert Barennes & Eric Pussard

Acknowledgement: We thank Leila S. Srour for revising the document.

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

1 Gomes MF, Faiz MA, Gyapong JO, et al, for the Study 13 Research Group. Pre-referral rectal artesunate to prevent death and disability in severe malaria : a placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 373:557-66

2 Kitua A, Folb P, Warsame M, Binka F, Faiz A, Ribeiro I, Peto T, Gyapong J, Yunus EB, Rahman R, Baiden F, Clerk C, Mrango Z, Makasi C, Kimbute O, Hossain A, Samad R, Gomes M. The use of placebo in a trial of rectal artesunate as initial treatment for severe malaria patients en route to referral clinics: ethical issues. J Med Ethics 2010; 36:116-120.

3 Eisenhut M, Omari AA. Intrarectal quinine for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;1:CD004009.

4 Achan J, Byarugaba J, Barennes H, Tumwine JK. Rectal versus intravenous quinine for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Kampala, Uganda: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:1446-1452

5 Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, Clavier F, Pussard E. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92:437-440.

6 Barennes H, Balima-Koussoube T, Nagot N, Charpentier JC, Pussard E. Safety and efficacy of rectal compared with intramuscular quinine for the early treatment of moderately severe malaria in children: randomised clinical trial. BMJ 2006; 332:1055-1059.

7 Eisenhut M, Omari A, MacLehose HG. Intrarectal quinine for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a systematic review. Malar J 2005; 4(1):24.

8 Landais E, Poisson C, Condamine JL. [Analysis of 1697 cases of childhood malaria treated using intra-rectal Quinimax (QIR) in the Tilaberi health district in Niger]. Med Trop (Mars ) 2007; 67:471-476.

9 Ndiaye JL, Tine RC, Faye B, Dieye eH, Diack PA, Lameyre V et al. Pilot feasibility study of an emergency paediatric kit for intra-rectal quinine administration used by the personnel of community-based health care units in Senegal. Malar J 2007; 6:152.

10 Thera MA, Keita F, Sissoko MS, Traore OB, Coulibaly D, Sacko M et al. Acceptability and efficacy of intra-rectal quinine alkaloids as a pre- transfer treatment of non-per os malaria in peripheral health care facilities in Mopti, Mali. Malar J 2007; 6:68.

11 Newton PN, McGready R, Fernandez F, Green MD, Sunjio M, Bruneton C et al. Manslaughter by fake artesunate in Asia--will Africa be next? PLoS Med 2006; 3:e197.

Conflict of Interest:

None declared

full text: http://jme.bmj.com/content/36/2/116/reply#medethics_el_3566

Par hubert barennes
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Présentation

Préambule

lntmars06--101-.JPG
Hubert BARENNES
Né le 11/01/1956 à Bordeaux, France. Français, marié, 5 enfants.
Pédiatre, Epidémiologiste, Médecin de Santé Publique, Ph D, HDR
Enseignant-chercheur à l’Institut de la Francophonie pour la Médecine Tropicale depuis janvier 2005.
Coordinateur Enseignement et recherche
BP 9519 Vientiane Lao, PDR  
 
Préambule
Ce blog est réalisé dans un premier temps pour diffuser nos recherches en matière de Médecine Tropicale.
Il s’agit essentiellement de recherches de « terrain » à visée pragmatique pouvant être facilement utilisée dans les conditions parfois difficile des soins de santé dans les pays en développement. 
Ces recherches ont été réalisées en Afrique de l’Ouest et à Madagascar (de 1987 à maintenant), puis depuis le Laos (depuis 2005) en partenariat avec plusieurs équipes et institution de recherches.
Ces recherches concernent plus spécifiquement 4 thèmes de recherche :
Ø       le paludisme (Quinine rectale, traitement précoce du paludisme grave, traitement des hypoglycémies)
Ø       la malnutrition, (récupération nutritionnelle, protocoles à base d’aliments locaux)
Ø       l’épidémiologie d’intervention (investigations)
Ø       la santé publique en milieu tropicale (santé urbaine, transition épidémiologique, malades négligés)

Rectal quinine CID

barenneshubert

Here are the latest developpements in the research we performed since 1988 on rectal quinine in Madagascar and Niger. 
Though rectal quinine given early to potenial severe malaria chidlren would avoid a  lot of children deaths in remote areas (just remember that the new drugs such as combined artemisine based treatment are not yet currently available in the field in Africa, but Quininehas been available for years and still very effective with few or no resistance at all in Africa) it has needed 15 years of studies to confirm what was observed 20 years ago in Madagascar i.e: rectal quinine given in adequate conditions (high dilution, 20 mg/kg in 10 cc water) is effective and can save children life. 
Please have a close look on how to use it.  
If  combined artemisine based treatments are available do not hesitate and use them since combined artemisine based treatments have a better tolerance and potentialy a faster efficacy than quinine (trials are still going on in Africa to show that combined artemisine based treatment can save more children than quinine, but this has already been proved by the seaquamat study group (Lancet 2006) regarding cerebral malaria in adults.


BMJ  2006;332 (6 May), doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7549.0-b

Consider rectal quinine for moderately severe malaria

Rectal quinine has an acceptable safety profile in the early management of moderately severe malaria in children who cannot take oral treatment. In a randomised controlled trial by Barennes and colleagues (p 1055), almost 900 children with moderately severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria received either rectal or intramuscular quinine every 12 hours until they could take oral treatment. Although primary safety and efficacy was slightly lower in the rectal group, rectal quinine could be used in the field when injectable disposables were not available, thus guaranteeing immediate treatment. 

To see the article:

http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/332/7549/1055

Rectal quinine is also effective in cerebral malaria as shown in this randomised double blind trial performed in 2005 in Uganda
and available at 
http://www.ifmt.auf.org/IMG/pdf/qirugandabarennesClininfdisdec2007.pdf

Rectal versus Intravenous Quinine for the Treatment

of Childhood Cerebral Malaria in Kampala, Uganda:

A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Jane Achan,1Justus Byarugaba,1Hubert Barennes,2and James K. Tumwine

1

1

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, and 2Institut Francophone De Medecine Tropicale, Vientiane, Laos

Background.

intravenous quinine remains the most affordable treatment. However, administration of intravenous quinine is often not feasible

in rural areas in Africa because of the lack of simple equipment or trained staff. We compared the efficacy and safety of intrarectal

quinine with those of intravenous quinine in the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria.

Although artemesinin derivatives are promising for the treatment of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria,

Methods.

hospital, we studied 110 children aged 6 months to 5 years who had cerebral malaria. Patients were randomized to receive

either intrarectal or intravenous quinine. Main outcome measures included parasite clearance time, fever clearance time, coma

recovery time, time to sit unsupported, time to begin oral intake, time until oral quinine was tolerated, and death.

In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial at Mulago Hospital (Kampala, Uganda), Uganda’s national referral

Results.

meanstandard deviation, intrarectal quinine group vs. intravenous quinine group): coma recovery time, 19.418.1 h versus

17.012.1 h; fever clearance time, 26.716.1 h versus 29.918.1 h; and parasite clearance time, 43.214.2 h versus

41.915.2 h. Mortality was similar in both groups; 4 of 56 patients in the intrarectal quinine group died, and 5 of 54 patients

in the intravenous quinine group died (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.3–5.2). Intrarectal quinine was well tolerated,

and no major immediate adverse events occurred.

Overall, there was no difference in the clinical and parasitological outcomes between the 2 groups (data are

Conclusions.

malaria, especially in situations in which intravenous therapy is not feasible.

Intrarectal quinine is efficacious and could be used as an alternative in the treatment of childhood cerebral

Curriculum Vitae

 
BARENNES Hubert Marie Joseph
Né le 11/01/1956            à Bordeaux, France. Français, marié, 5 enfants.
Résident : Institut Francophone de Médecine Tropicale, BP 9519 Vientiane Lao, PDR  
E-mail : hubert.barennes@auf.org et barenneshub@yahoo.fr   skype : barenneslaos1
Contact en France : 1 imp Larrodé 64200 Biarritz France
                           43 r Pins Francs 33200 Bordeaux France             Tel/fax : 33 5 56 085419  
Contact Laos : 00856 21 450 238    00 856 20 5801742   fax : 00856 21219347

Pédiatre, Médecin de santé Publique, Epidémiologiste, Directeur de Recherche

MPH, PhD, HDR (Habilitation à Diriger les Recherches)

Blog sur travaux de recherches : http://barenneshubert.over-blog.com/

Website: http://www.ifmt.auf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=9

Résumé

Education et expérience professionnelle (résumé)

Expérience professionnelle 

Pédiatre de formation, 1979-1991 et 2002-2004 (France)

29 ans d’expérience professionnelle dont 21 années dans les pays en développement : Asie, Afrique de l’Ouest, Amérique Latine, Caraïbes, Océan Indien. 

12 ans comme chercheur épidémiologiste (dont 6 ans enseignant-chercheur à l’Institut Francophone pour la Médecine Tropicale (Laos) et 6 ans Chercheur épidémiologiste, chef de l’unité d’Epidémiologie au Centre Muraz (Burkina Faso),

6 ans comme médecin de santé publique (Min Santé, Niger),

5 ans comme consultant (Union Européenne, Jica, FAO, Unicef)

11 ans comme médecin clinicien pédiatre (France, Réunion, Antilles, Madagascar, Tchad, Pérou, Salvador),

 

Publications, communications, rapports d’expertise: environ 200-220

- Publications en revue à comité de lecture: > 70 

- Publications revue sans comité de lecture, livres, rapports d’expertises: environ 35

Communications internationales: plus de 120 (liste en cours de mise à jour)

 

Direction de Masters, doctorats et thèses: une centaine 

(Laos, Chine, Cambodge, Burkina Faso, Niger, Madagascar, France, Canada)

 

 


Juin 2007 
Université de Bordeaux II et ISPED

Habilitation à Diriger les recherches (HDR)

Université de Paris VI
 
Juin 99
Doctorat de l’Université Santé Publique et Pays en Développement
Mention très honorable avec félicitations du Jury
Sept 93-Sept 94
Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies (D.E.A.) de Santé Publique et PED
 
Université de Bordeaux II
Sept 85-Juil 88
Sept 72-Juil 80
Sept 79-Juil 80
 
Spécialisation en Santé Publique (C.E.S.)
Faculté de Médecine, Doctorat en Médecine en 1983
Diplôme de Médecine Tropicale
 
 
Université de Toulouse
Sept 80-Juil 84
Spécialisation en Pédiatrie et Puériculture (C.E.S.)
 
Sept 90-Juil 91
1993
Autres
Diplôme de Statistiques Appliquées à la Médecine, C.E.S.A.M.
Attestation de nutrition et de santé publique, Cours du Centre International de l’Enfance, CNAM 1993
Sept 95
XIIème Cours d’Epidémiologie d’Intervention I.D.E.A. Veryer du Lac
 
Qualification en Santé Publique (Conseil de l’Ordre des Médecins Paris 1998)
Qualification de spécialiste en Pédiatrie (Conseil de l’Ordre des Médecins de la Réunion 1986)
Ancien Interne de R.S. de Bordeaux (1979-84)
 
·         Epidémiologie et recherche opérationnelle
·         Supervision et gestion de programme de santé,
  • Recherche opérationnelle et recherche clinique
  • Santé Mère et Enfant
  • Médecine Tropicale
  • Epidémiologie d’Intervention
  • Paludisme, Nutrition pédiatrique tropicale
  • Epilepsie e nmilieu tropicale
 

Poste actuel  Depuis le 1er janvier 05 : Laos

Enseignant chercheur, Coordinateur Enseignement et Recherche à l’Institut Francophone de Médecine Tropicale de Vientiane, Laos.

L’Institut réalise un Master de Médecine Tropicale et Santé Internationale pour des médecins venant de 5 pays : Cambodge, Chine, Laos, Madagascar, Vietnam

Website: http://www.ifmt.auf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=9

 

Enseignant responsable d’enseignement des modules de formation:

Enseignement épidémiologie et statistique,

Statistiques avancées,

Méthodologie de la recherche

Santé Mère Enfant,

Nutrition,

Médicaments Pharmacologie des médicaments,

 Paludisme

 

Responsables de divers projets de recherches (nutrition infantile, parasitoses, paludisme) et du projet d’accès aux médicaments (Epilepsie)

Coordinateur Programme Corus : Programme de recherche sur les parasitoses tropicales 

Coordinateur Hôte formation Sisea-Pasteur Epidata Analysis (Jv 2011) Laos                                    

Employeur : Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie
Médecin Référent Grippe Aviaire pour le réseau MAE des médecins à l’étranger
Expérience Géographique : Afrique de l’Ouest, Asie, Amérique Latine, Caraïbes, Océan Indien
Date :
2003-2004    Consultant indépendant basé à Biarritz
Lieu
Niger (Niamey)
Employeur
Union Européenne, AGEG
Poste occupé
Description
des services
 
Mission d’Appui à l’élaboration du Plan de Développement Sanitaire du Niger (2005-2009).
Coordinateur d’une mission pluridisciplinaire d’Experts pour élaborer le document de programmation de la politique de santé au Niger.
Activités
Autres activités scientifiques
Lieu
France
Employeur
IRD
Poste occupé
Correcteur scientifique final Expertise Collégiale Trachome
Lieu
France
Employeur
 Indépendant
Activité
Elaboration essai clinique sur le neuropaludisme Ouganda
Elaboration Protocole de recherche nutrition du nouveau né par le Koba Patsa Madagascar
Relecteur protocole d’utilisation à base communautaire du Kit Paludisme
Lieu
Laos
Activité
Enseignement. Module Mère Enfant du Master Médecine Tropicale
 
Date :
De octobre 1997 au 31/12/02
Lieu
Centre Muraz Burkina Faso (Bobo Dioulasso)
Employeur
Ministère des Affaires Etrangères
Poste occupé
Chef de l’Unité Epidémiologie, Vaccinologie et Recherche Opérationnelle
Description des services
 
 
 
 
 
 
Epidémiologiste du Centre de Recherche Médicale intervenant dans les thématiques VIH-SIDA, Paludisme, Maladies émergentes, Vaccinologie et Tuberculose.
Développement de protocoles de recherche sur le paludisme principalement, la fièvre jaune, les intoxications tropicales.
Intervention sur les menaces épidémiques.
Conseil auprès de l’Unité Indépendance Vaccinale de l’Union Européenne,
Participations aux réunions thématiques du Centre Paludisme, VIH-Sida. 
Travaux conjoints avec ces 2 thématiques
Travaux avec l’unité de recherche en Anthropologie.
Conseil auprès du projet HCK projet d’amélioration de l’offre de soin dans la région Ouest du Burkina Faso.
Encadrement et formations doctorales (Pharmacie et Médecine). 
Mises au point et financements d’études multicentriques Nord-Sud, Sud-Sud. Communications et conférences dans les pays de la sous région (Mali, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Sénégal, Togo, Niger, Bénin, Madagascar, Tanzanie, Angleterre, USA, Portugal, France).
Responsable de la sous thématique médicament de l’unité de Lutte contre le Paludisme.
Expertises auprès des pays Africains pour les études sur la quinine (Mali, Sénégal, Togo, Bénin, Ouganda, Côte d’Ivoire).
Recherche et Développement de la technique Quinine intra rectale (Etudes cinétiques, études cliniques Phase II à Phase IV)
 
 
Date :
Nov. 91-Juil 97
Lieu
Niger (Niamey)
Employeur
Ministère des Affaires Etrangères
Poste occupé
Description des services
 
 
 
 
 
Responsable du programme : Appui à la Direction de la Santé de la Commune Urbaine de Niamey, Projet Mère-Enfant. Projet visant à améliorer la qualité de l’offre de santé pour la Mère et l’Enfant en milieu Urbain (Population 600 000, 11 Centres de Santé et 6 maternités représentant plus de 120 000 Consultations/an et 30 000 accouchements, 2 hôpitaux nationaux..)
Contenant une forte composante épidémiologique: analyse de situation (infrastructures, personnels, patients) à la fois qualificative et quantitative, et un volet de mise en application : -amélioration de l’offre de soins : réaménagement et réorganisation des infrastructures de santé, -formation continue et post universitaire du personnel, -études des circuits thérapeutiques et des coûts.
Appui Institutionnel à la Direction de la Commune Urbaine de Niamey,
Développement des infrastructures (rénovation CSMI et services hospitalier, équipement en matériel ) et au personnel (médecins, infirmiers, sages-femmes) 
 Développement et analyse des initiatives pilotes en matière de santé (Projet pilote CSMI, District).
Développement des outils de santé et des stratégies (Carnets de santé Mère, Carnet de santé Enfants, Guides médicaux, Fiches techniques).
Formation et Encadrement post-universitaires des médecins et infirmiers, Information sanitaire, Formation à la réhabilitation nutritionnelle de l’ensemble des responsables de CSMI, (président fondateur d’une ONG nigérienne spécialisée dans ce domaine),
Direction de 8 thèses de Médecine et Pharmacie.
Recherche opérationnelle : paludisme, nutrition, coût, qualité des soins, néonatalogie, mortalité maternelle et infantile (cf. publications).
 
Date :
Mars 87 -Aout 91
 
Lieu
Madagascar (Morondava)
Employeur
Ministère Coopération française
Poste occupé
Description des services
 
 
 
Formation régionale personnel de santé
Gestion de service hospitalier
Rénovation des infrastructures
Equipement
Récupération nutritionnelle, recherche clinique, paludisme
 
Date :
Sept 84 –Nov 85 et Juil-Sept 86
Lieu
El Salvador (San Salvador, San Miguel)
Employeur
Médecins Du Monde
Poste occupé
Description des services
 
Formation Agents de Santé
Soutien aux Centres de Santé
Gestion médicale Camps réfugiés
 
Date :
Aout –Sept 1986
Lieu
Pérou (Piura)
Employeur
Médecins du Monde
Poste occupé
Description des services
Aide médicale aux populations déplacées
(inondations)
 
Date :
Janv-fév 81 et Nov-Déc 82
Lieu
Tchad (N’Djamena)
Employeur
Médecins du Monde
Poste occupé
Description des services
Responsable d’un service de Pédiatrie dans un Hôpital installé pendant la période de guerre. Prise en charge des blessés et des urgences. Appui au fonctionnement de l’Hôpital.
 
 
Date :
Sept 79 –Mars 84
Lieu 
France (Bayonne), Guadeloupe (Pointe à Pitre)
Employeur
Ministère de la Santé
Poste occupé
Description des services
Médecin Interne dans les services de Pédiatrie, d’Obstétrique, Urgence (SAMU), Médecine, Chirurgie
 

Depuis 2005 : Vietnam, Madagascar, Cambodge, Chine, Australie, Nepal, Thailande

Formations en encadrement à la recherche sur le paludisme Sénégal (1997 et 2000), Bénin (1998 et 1999), Madagascar (97, 2000) Togo (vaccinations), Côte d’Ivoire (de 97 à 2000), Mali (94 et 99), Cameroun (97)

Missions médicales humanitaires Guatémala (de 84 à 86), Nicaragua (1986), Honduras (84-86), Pérou (83, Inondation El Nino), Tchad (1981-1982) (guerre civile)

Médecine du Travail (Bahamas 1980)

1
 
Collaboration à la direction de thèse d’Université : 2                                     (Limoges)
Direction ou codirection de Masters : 46                                                                                (Laos, Bordeaux, Burkina Faso)
Direction ou Codirection de thèses de Médecine : 20                              (Niger, Madagascar, France, Burkina Faso)
Le détail des étudiants et des sujets se trouve à la section Encadrement effectif d’étudiants
 

Coordinateur Enseignement et Recherche à l’Institut Francophone pour la Médecine Tropicale (IFMT) Vientiane, Laos.
Enseignement du cours Epidémiologie et Méthodologie à la Recherche pour le Master Médecine Tropicale et Santé Internationale.+ cours santé maternelle et infantile, nutrition, pharmacologie, cours divers
  Enseignement et coordination d'une centaine de mémoires de Masters/thèses                                                                                      

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